Before we go through the aspects of aperture, shutter speed and ISO, let us first understand the viewfinder and metering (images from Nikon D7000 manual).
Fig. 1 Viewfinder
Fig. 2 Metering
If you look through the viewfinder you will see the metering of the camera. So what does it means? Normally if the bars are in the left most part, your images will be dark(underexposed). Bars in the right most part indicates your images will be brighter (overexposed). Zero (0) indicates a balance exposure based on the camera's metering. It's not as perfect as the human eye and it's up to you whether you will increase or decrease the bar/s to the left or right to achieve your preferred exposure. A single bar corresponds to 1/3 of a stop by the camera's default setting. A "STOP" is used to express the exposure value of the light. Turn the dial again in the same direction then you'll have 2/3 of a stop, another turn in the same direction and you'll have "FULL or a STOP" of light. You will hear most of the photographers saying decrease/ increase the exposure by 1/3, 2/3, a stop and so on or I'm underexposed/ overexposed by 1/3, 2/3, a stop and so on. Understanding how your camera's metering behavior in different scenarios will help you decide whether you will increase/ decrease your exposure by certain stop/s of light.
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